What is Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) refers to a set of diagnostic procedures performed on embryos before implantation. Its primary aim is to identify genetic defects within embryos created through IVF before pregnancy is established. PGT is subdivided into three main categories:
Why is PGT Used in IVF?
Improving Pregnancy Success Rates:
One of the primary reasons for using PGD in IVF is to increase the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.
By selecting embryos free of genetic abnormalities, the chances of implantation and successful pregnancy are significantly higher.
Reducing the Risk of Genetic Disorders:
Couples with a known high risk of passing on genetic disorders can benefit from PGT.
For instance, if both parents are carriers of a recessive genetic condition, PGT-M can identify embryos that are unaffected by the condition, reducing the risk of the child inheriting the disorder.
Preventing Miscarriages:
Many miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities.
By using PGT-A to screen embryos, only those with the correct number of chromosomes are screened and selected for implantation, thus reducing the risk of miscarriage.
Assisting Older Women or Those with Recurrent IVF Failures:
As women age, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in their eggs increases. PGT can help identify viable embryos, thereby improving the success rate of IVF in older women or those who have experienced multiple failed IVF cycles.
Supporting Family Balancing:
PGT can also be used for sex selection for family balancing purposes, although this is a more controversial and regulated aspect of the technology.
Advantages of Preimplantation Genetic Testing
The advantages of PGT are multifaceted, extending beyond the immediate benefits of genetic screening to broader implications for reproductive health and genetic research.
